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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(1): 132-141, July. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285223

ABSTRACT

Resumo A doença de Chagas (DC) é causada pelo Trypanosoma Cruzi. Esse parasita pode infectar vários órgãos do corpo humano, especialmente o coração, causando inflamação, fibrose, arritmias e remodelação cardíaca, e promovendo a cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) no longo prazo. Entretanto, poucas evidências científicas elucidaram os mecanismos moleculares que regulam os processos fisiopatológicos nessa doença. Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são reguladores de expressão gênica pós-transcricional que modulam a sinalização celular, participando de mecanismos fisiopatológicos da DC, mas o entendimento dos miRNAs nessa doença é limitado. Por outro lado, há muitas evidências científicas demonstrando que o treinamento com exercício físico (TEF) modula a expressão de miRNAs, modificando a sinalização celular em indivíduos saudáveis. Alguns estudos também demonstram que o TEF traz benefícios para indivíduos com DC, porém esses não avaliaram as expressões de miRNA. Dessa forma, não há evidências demonstrando o papel do TEF na expressão dos miRNAs na DC. Portanto, essa revisão teve o objetivo de identificar os miRNAs expressos na DC que poderiam ser modificados pelo TEF.


Abstract Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi. This parasite can infect several organs of the human body, mainly the heart, causing inflammation, fibrosis, arrhythmias, and cardiac remodeling, promoting long-term Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC). However, little scientific evidence has elucidated the molecular mechanisms that govern the pathophysiological processes in this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression that modulate signaling pathways, participating in pathophysiological mechanisms in CD, but the understanding of miRNAs in this disease is limited. On the other hand, a wide range of scientific evidence shows that physical exercise training (PET) modulates the expression of miRNAs by modifying different signaling pathways in healthy individuals. Some studies also show that PET is beneficial for individuals with CD; however, these did not evaluate the miRNA expressions. Thus, there is no evidence showing the role of PET in the expression of miRNAs in CD. Therefore, this review aimed to identify miRNAs expressed in CD that could potentially be modified by PET.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Chagas Disease , MicroRNAs/genetics , Exercise
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e200110, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1135276

ABSTRACT

We aimed to investigate the association of CD14 -260C/T (rs2569190) polymorphism and Chagas cardiomyopathy and the functional characteristics of CD14+ and CD14- monocytes upon infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. We observed an association between the T- genotype (absence of allele -260T) related to low CD14 expression and the dilated cardiomyopathy type of Chagas disease. Furthermore, we observed that CD14- monocytes showed a more activated profile upon in vitro infection with T. cruzi than CD14+ monocytes. Our findings suggest that T- genotype is associated with susceptibility to develop Chagas dilated cardiomyopathy, likely linked to the T. cruzi-induced inflammatory profile of CD14- monocytes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/genetics , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Disease , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Genotype , Heart Failure
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 109(4): 307-312, Oct. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887945

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Changes in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene may contribute to the increase in blood pressure and consequently to the onset of heart failure (HF). The role of polymorphism is very controversial, and its identification in patients with HF secondary to Chagas disease in the Brazilian population is required. Objective: To determine ACE polymorphism in patients with HF secondary to Chagas disease and patients with Chagas disease without systolic dysfunction, and to evaluate the relationship of the ACE polymorphism with different clinical variables. Methods: This was a comparative clinical study with 193 participants, 103 of them with HF secondary to Chagas disease and 90 with Chagas disease without systolic dysfunction. All patients attended the outpatient department of the General Hospital of the Federal University of Goias general hospital. Alleles I and D of ACE polymorphism were identified by polymerase chain reaction of the respective intron 16 fragments in the ACE gene and visualized by electrophoresis. Results: In the group of HF patients, 63% were male, whereas 53.6% of patients with Chagas disease without systolic dysfunction were female (p = 0,001). The time from diagnosis varied from 1 to 50 years. Distribution of DD, ID and II genotypes was similar between the two groups, without statistical significance (p = 0,692). There was no difference in clinical characteristics or I/D genotypes between the groups. Age was significantly different between the groups (p = 0,001), and mean age of patients with HF was 62.5 years. Conclusion: No differences were observed in the distribution of (Insertion/Deletion) genotype frequencies of ACE polymorphism between the studied groups. The use of this genetic biomarker was not useful in detecting a possible relationship between ACE polymorphism and clinical manifestations in HF secondary to Chagas disease.


Resumo Fundamento: Alterações no gene da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (ECA) podem contribuir para o aumento da pressão arterial e consequentemente para o surgimento de insuficiência cardíaca (IC). O papel do polimorfismo ainda é bastante controverso, sendo necessária sua identificação em pacientes com IC de etiologia chagásica na população brasileira. Objetivo: Determinar o polimorfismo da ECA em portadores de IC com etiologia chagásica e pacientes com doença de Chagas sem disfunção sistólica, e avaliar a relação do polimorfismo ECA com diferentes variáveis clínicas. Métodos: Trata-se um estudo clínico comparativo com 193 participantes, destes, 103 com IC de etiologia chagásica e 90 pacientes com doença de Chagas sem disfunção sistólica, todos em atendimento ambulatorial no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Os alelos D e I do polimorfismo da ECA foram identificados por reação em cadeia da polimerase dos respectivos fragmentos provenientes do íntron 16 no gene da ECA e visualizados em eletroforese. Resultados: Dos portadores de IC, 63 % eram do gênero masculino, enquanto nos portadores de doença de Chagas sem disfunção sistólica 53,6% eram do gênero feminino (p = 0,001). O tempo de diagnóstico variou de 1 a 50 anos. A distribuição dos genótipos DD, DI e II foi semelhante entre os dois grupos, não apresentando significância estatística (p = 0,692). Nenhuma interação foi observada em relação às características clínicas e os genótipos D/I entre os grupos. A idade foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos (p = 0,001), e a média de idade dos pacientes com IC foi de 62,5 anos. Conclusão: Não foram observadas diferenças na distribuição das frequências dos genótipos (Deleção/Inserção) do polimorfismo ECA entre os grupos estudados. A utilização deste biomarcador genético não se mostrou útil na tentativa de se conhecer a existência da relação do polimorfismo ECA e as manifestações clínicas da IC de etiologia chagásica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Heart Failure/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Gene Deletion , Statistics, Nonparametric , Alleles , Genetic Association Studies , Genotyping Techniques , Genotype
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(2): 67-74, Mar.-Apr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482217

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease continues to be a significant public health problem, as ca. 10 million people are still infected with T. cruzi in Latin America. Decades after primary infection, 30 percent of individuals can develop a form of chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy known as Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC). Data from both murine models and human studies support the view that an autoimmune response as well as a parasite-driven immune response involving inflammatory cytokines and chemokines may both play a role in generating the heart lesions leading to CCC. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.


A doença de Chagas continua sendo importante problema de saúde pública uma vez que cerca de 10 milhões de indivíduos ainda estão infectados pelo T. cruzi. Décadas após a infecção primária, aproximadamente 30 por cento dos indivíduos podem desenvolver uma cardiomiopatia inflamatória crônica, a chamada Cardiomiopatia Chagásica Crônica (CCC). Dados de modelos murinos e de estudos em humanos apóiam a visão de que tanto respostas auto-imunes como as determinadas pelo parasita em conjunto com citocinas e quimiocinas inflamatórias participam da geração das lesões cardíacas típicas da CCC. A presente revisão tem como objetivo sumarizar os recentes avanços no entendimento da imunopatogênese da Cardiomiopatia Chagásica Crônica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/etiology , Cytokines/immunology , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/immunology , Inflammation/immunology
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(1): 27-30, Feb. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-478873

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to test the possible implication of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in determining the susceptibility to Chagas' disease. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 475 individuals from Colombia, 143 seropositive with chagasic cardiomyopathy, 132 seropositive asymptomatic and 200 seronegative. The TLR2 arginine to glutamine substitution at residue 753(Arg753Gln) polymorphism was absent in the groups analyzed. The TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms are in linkage disequilibrium and we observed a very low frequency of these polymorphisms in our study population (2.6 percent and 1.8 percent respectively). The overall TLR2 and TLR4 alleles and genotype distribution in seronegative and seropositive were not significantly different. We compared the frequencies between asymptomatic patients and those with chagasic cardiomyopathy and we did not observe any significant differences in the distribution of alleles or genotypes. In summary, this study corroborates the low frequency of TLR2 and TLR4 polymorphisms observed in other populations and suggest that these do not play an important role in Chagas' disease. The validation of these findings in independent cohorts is needed to firmly establish a role for TLR2 and TLR4 variants in Chagas' disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , /genetics , /genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype
6.
Av. cardiol ; 20(2): 23-34, jun. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-393085

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Chagas es una parasitosis exclusiva del continente americano. Es endémica en 21 países, con 18-20 millones de personas infectadas y 100 millones en riesgo de infección. En Venezuela la enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad reemergente cuya frecuencia alcanza en algunas comunidades rurales el 22 por ciento. La prevención de la transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas es un proceso sencillo, consiste en el control y eliminación del vector mediante rociamientos sistemáticos de las viviendas en las zonas endémicas y a través de políticas habitacionales, donde se sustituya los ranchos por viviendas higiénicas consolidadas. La enfermedad de Chagas no tiene tratamiento y los pacientes infectados con T. cruzi inexorablemente evolucionan hacia la miocardiopatía chagásica crónica cuya manifestación sindromática más frecuente es la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva y/o las arritmias cardíacas, de difícil tratamiento y cuyo desenlace más frecuente es la muerte súbita. En los últimos años importantes avances han sido realizados en la fisiopatología de las miocardiopatías no chagásicas, cuyas bases moleculares parecen semejarse a la de las bases de la miocardiopatía chagásica crónica.En el presente trabajo se presenta una revisión de los eventos moleculares que parecen estar involucrados en la génesis y desarrollo de la miocardiopatía chagásica crónica, planteándose que la miocardiopatía chagásica crónica se inicia como un desbalance en los factores humorales y neurales que afectan el miocardio, el cual es causado por mediadores de la respuesta inmune, los cuales inician y mantienen una cascada de eventos, que afectan los elementos involucrados en las señales transmembranas, como por ejemplo; receptores para neurotransmisores (colinérgicos y adrenérgicos), sistemas transductores de la señal (proteína G) y efectores de la señal (canales iónicos o segundos mensajeros). Finalmente, se sugiere que el conocimiento de estos factores permitiría planear racionalmente estrategias terapéuticas no tripanomicidas


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Humoralism , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/etiology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/pathology , Cardiology , Risk Factors , Venezuela
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